Analysis Of The Speech Of Muhummad Yunas ( A Microfinancier )

Motivated by the speech of Muhummad Yunas (a Microfinancier), Jessica and her husband Matt Flannery took a trip to Africa where they discovered that small loans (between $100-$150) could significantly improve the standards of living for people in impoverished nations. They decided to find KIVA as a non-for-profit organization, as means to alleviate poverty and inspire entrepreneurs in developing African countries through crowdsourced microloan financing. Suffering general cash-flow problems since inception, KIVA was able to maintain operations by relying on friends and colleagues as an initial source of funds, and providing them with non-monetary forms of remuneration for services rendered. Following their failure at starting Care 4†¦show more content†¦Field partners then transfer the funds to the entrepreneurs, whom make loan repayments back to the Field partners, which then get dispersed to the lenders through KIVA, where they earn a rate of return and get back their prin cipal amount. KIVA’s small-scale informal business model makes it easier manage and helps to foster a more personal relationship for lenders to feel a greater connection to the person they are helping, with a direct person to person impact encouraging more lenders and a greater success rate. A major advantage to being a non-for-profit are the significant cost savings enjoyed through the use of volunteers as opposed to paid labor, which allows KIVA the ability to offer more attractive small and interest-free loans. KIVA’s emphasis on generosity, human connectedness and community help to reinforce its reputation and to attract organizations that wish to publicly demonstrate their corporate social responsibility. Though there are many advantages to KIVA, most are theoretically based on the business structure, model and mission, and as such can only be actualized if the company reaches a certain level of efficacy; making room for a great number of potential disadvantages. The business model as an indirect P2P lending platform, forces a heavy reliance on partners, participating MFIs and

Gong Cha Whitespace Marketing Plan - 7782 Words

Gong Cha Whitespace Marketing Plan Name : Vu Viet Hoai Nam Class: BTEC Table of Contents 1. Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 2. Market Processing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 3. Marketing Orientation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 4. Consumer market Vs Business market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 5. Macro environmental factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 6. Micro environmental factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 7. Segmentation Criteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Primary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 Secondary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 8. Market Penetration, Sustainability and Growth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Primary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 Secondary Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 9. Buying†¦show more content†¦* High quality of customer cares – By using some social networking to inform customer and give them fast feedback. . 2. Weakness * The Gong Cha brands is only well-known in a few Asia countries. * Most of Gong Cha products are tea. * Gong Cha does not really do much of advertising. 3. Opportunities * Since the Gong Cha only provides drinks nowadays, it can attempt provides food in the future. The food provided may be paid more attention to health. * Gong Cha can consider to expand in some of heating up countries like Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, etc. 4. Threads * Many new drink competitors have appeared gradually. Some strong brands now are starting on their own new tea brand. * The Increasing in cost of materials due to change in climates, transportation, disaster, etc. . Consumer market Vs Business market The consumer market is all about selling products and getting the best revenue from that. So therefore, offers will be placed on products to make them more attractive for people to buy so that company gets the sales. The consumer market is also very competitive and this means that if you wish to be successful within it, you need to keep tabs on what the competition is doing and better them. The consumer market is all about making cheap produce and selling it

Avid Pharmaceuticals Free Essays

The cost structure with the lower breakable volume has the lower systematic risk. Fluctuations in sales volume has an impact on net income. Because there is no certainty, Waver must be ready for increases and decreases in sales if the new equipment is purchased. We will write a custom essay sample on Avid Pharmaceuticals or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important for Waver to understand that the company will not always be at normal operating levels. Sometimes more units will need to be produced and oftentimes, less units will need to be produced due to the demand in sales. Fluctuations in demand will affect the bottom line, as seen in the examples above. ) What other factors should Waver consider in making this decision? Will the quality of the product remain the same? Is the machine more efficient than the workers? Will time be saved? Can the machine produce more than 60,000 units per year? How many units can the equipment produce in a year, while maintaining a quality product? Can the company charge more for the product if there is an increase in quality? How will this equipment affect Waver long-term? Short-term? Will upgrades be needed (added expenses)? How quickly will the equipment be outdated? How quickly can the equipment be installed? Will there be a loss of manufacturing products while the equipment is being setup? Will the company lose money during setup due to lack of production? How will this new piece of equipment show on the company’s financial statements? Will it be depreciated? What form of depreciation? Are there new asset conversions that the accounting department will have to record? Do the product costs and/or period costs change? Is it possible to make other areas more efficient, therefore, reducing fixed or variable costs? What company makes the manufacturing equipment? Is the company successful/reputable? Is the company new? Is the return on the investment satisfactory to board members and owners? How does the new equipment affect the employees? Will additional training be needed? Who will operate and manage this new equipment? How difficult would it be to get service if repairs were needed? How dependable are the service repair people? Will Waver have to hire a full time employee to fix the repairs? This salary is an additional expense. How dependable is the machine? Will the equipment affect the factory layout, efficiency, create toxic smells or be too loud for workers to be near it? Will customer satisfaction be increased? Will the employees operating the machine be paid more, therefore, increasing salary Will training occur? This is an added expense. Are there enough Jobs to reassign all employees displaced to new Jobs within Waver? How will Waver communicate this large change to its employees? How much does the machine cost? Are there additional variable costs that will be incurred? (4) What is your recommendation? This does not look like a good investment for Waver. The return on investment is low at the normal 60,000 operating volume. The fixed costs are large, Jumping by 476,000. That is a large increase when the sales at normal operating conditions will only yield an extra $4,000. It is not worth the expense. In the beginning, the equipment may be slow to operate at normal volume due to set up, training, glitches, etc. There may be a length of time where Waver is not able to produce and sell 60,000 units per year, which will hurt Wavers bottom line (as seen in the 25% volume decrease in example above). The new equipment seems like a risky investment. The choice of production structure (with the new equipment or without) depends on the expected future sales. If Waver was certain they could produce and sell more than 60,000 units per year, this may be an investment worth looking into, however, this is an unknown. Making a little less than the 60,000 units (59,500 units), would put Waver in the same position had they not purchased the new equipment. This point at which both cost structures intersect is what is relevant. From a management’s perspective, this new equipment is really not a good idea. There are too many What ifs’ and too many personnel and training issues that could be factors. I would not recommend purchasing this new equipment for Waver. How to cite Avid Pharmaceuticals, Papers

Concept of Incorporation of Veil Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.How the Veil of Incorporation is an Important Concept Within the area of Company Law also discuss about the Lifting of Corporte Veil.2.Outline the Duties Owned by an Auditor of a Company. Answers: 1.Lifting corporate veil - Concept of incorporation of the company by registration was introduced during the period 1844 and in 1855 doctrine of limited liability was identified by law makers. Later, in 1897 UK case Salomon v. Salomon Ltd effect both the enactments and introduced twin concept of corporate entity and limited liability. In this case, House of Lords stated that an incorporated company is a distinct entity from its members. In other words, in the eyes of law company is a different person from its members which results in the concept of separate legal personality. This general principle also has an exception which was introduced in case law Salomon v. Salomon Ltd, and there are number of cases in which both Irish and UK courts stated that veil of company must be pierced or lifted. Court also stated that this general principle of distinct identity only apply when there was no fraud and agency. This general rule does not apply if the company was not real, and company was fi ction or Myth (CPD, n.d.; Law Teacher, n.d.). Court pierced corporate veil in very rare situation, and Court take this decision for the purpose of ensuring the enforcement of Court order. In case Dublin County Council v. Elton Homes Ltd. [1984] I.L.R.M. 297 at 300 (H.C.), Barrington J stated that injunction can be issued against the directors of the company and against the company itself would help in securing their cooperation. There is one more situation in which Court can lift the corporate veil and this is when there is relationship of agency between two companies. In other words, when one company is shows as independent company but in actual it is subsidiary of another company. In case Smith Stone Knight v Birmingham Corporation [1939]14 All ER 116, Court issue the list of six conditions for the purpose of determining the relation of agency between the alleged parent company and its subsidiary company. If all the conditions are satisfied then subsidiary company was not considered was not considered as separate legal personality in the eyes of law but it considered as agent of the holding company (ACCA, n.d.). Court further stated, if company does not fulfill its existing obligation then court can disregard the concept of separate legal personality of the company. In case Cummings v Stewart [1911]1 IR 236, license was transferred by defendant at the companys name for the purpose of avoiding the payment of royalties to the plaintiff. In this case, Meredith MR decided to lift the corporate veil and stated that it would be not acceptable if provisions of companies act would be used for destruction of legal obligations and for avoiding the enforceable claims. There were two cases Gilford Motor Company v Horne [1933]1 Ch 935 and Jones v Lipman [1962] 1 WLR 832, in which court stated that companies in these cases were a sham and faade respectively for breaching previous agreements. Judges observed that such cases include examples of fraud, and as a result there was need to enforce other laws also just piercing the corporate veil. There is one case which is considered as landmark in the company law that is DHN Food Distributors Ltd v Tower Hamlet London Borough Council [1976] 1 WLR 852, and in this case corporate veil was lifted by Court when it was found that companies are single economic entity. In this case, Lord Denning MR held that group of these companies are considered same as partnership group in which all three companies are partners, and in present situation all three companies are treated as one company. In Ireland, this concept of justice applied on single economic entities and has been alternatively accepted and rejected by the Courts. In case Power Supermarkets Ltd v Crumlin Investments Ltd et al (HC 1981), Costello J. stated that it is completely alright if for the purpose of justice Court treated two entities which are related with each other as a single entity, and it also stated the confirmation on the realities of economic and commercial situation. Different view was presented on this topic by The State (McInerney Co Limited) v Dublin County Council [1985]1ILRM 513 in which High Court does not accept the concept to treated two companies as single entity and Carroll J stated that corporate veil is not any tool which can accesed at the option of the parent company or group companies. Therefore, tool of corporate veil must be used only for justice. In case Allied Irish Coal Supplies Ltd v Powell Duffryn International Fuels Ltd [1998] 2 lR 519, supreme Court stated that financia l dependency between the subsidiary company and its parent company is not considered as strong evidence on the basis of which corporate veil can be lifted. This system was ended by English Courts in effective manner. In case, Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] Ch 433, Slane LJ held Court cannot lift the corporate veil only on the fact that justice requires and in case Woolfson v Strathclyde Regional Council 1978] SC 90, the House of Lords rejected some conclusion concluded by Lord Denning. Therefore, this concept of separate legal personality is an important concept of Irish and English Company law. This statement is justified by case Maclaine Watson Company Ltd v Department of Trade and Industry (1989) 3 All ER 1056, in which House of Lord stated that decision of case Salomon v Salomon was equally important today as it was in 1897. Position of English law is clearer now, and some evidence related to fraud and impropriety must be considered before piercing the corporate veil. For this purpose, even the situations in the case shows that they are similar to the conditions of Salomon v Salomon, namely fraud and agency. In Ireland, there are number of cases which state the importance of legal personality, but in Irish Courts system related to justice is not followed and every case is deal in different way. 2.Duties of auditors in the company: an auditor is the independent qualified person who is appointed in the company for the purpose of providing independent, professional, and informed opinion to the shareholders of the company on the financial statement prepared by directors. An audit can also be conducted for the benefit of third parties who are wishing to engage in the business of the company for the purpose of checking the accuracy of the information provided by the company (ODCE, n.d.). Audit report- the most important duty of the auditor is to provide audit report to the members of the company, and report must include the true and fair opinion of the auditor on the state of affairs of the company and whether accounts of the company are prepared on the basis of provisions of the companies act, relevant legislations, and accounting standards. It is necessary that auditors report made available to every member of the company and must be read at Annual General meeting. In case if auditor is not able to give positive opinion, then they give qualified opinion, a disclaimer of opinion, and an adverse opinion. Report for any failure: in case auditor founds that company does not kept proper books of accounts then must inform their opinion to the company, and if directors of the company does not take any steps for the purpose of correcting this issue within seven days then auditors notify their opinion at the registration office of the company (ODCE, n.d.). References: ACCA, (2014). Lifting the Veil Of Incorporation. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/zm/en/technical-activities/technical-resources-search/2014/may/lifting-corporate-veil.html. Accessed on 27th march 2017. CPD. Company Law: Personal Liability for Corporate Debts, Lifting the Veil of Incorporation. Available at: https://www.cpdseminars.ie/articles/personal-liability-for-corporate-debts-lifting-the-veil-of-incorporation/. Accessed on 27th march 2017. Cummings v Stewart [1911]1 IR 236. Dublin County Council v. Elton Homes Ltd. [1984] I.L.R.M. 297 at 300 (H.C.). Gilford Motor Company v Horne [1933]1 Ch 935 and Jones v Lipman [1962] 1 WLR 832. Law Teacher. Lifting Of The Corporate Veil. Available at: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/business-law/article-on-lifting-of-the-law-essays.php. Accessed on 27th march 2017. ODCE. Auditors Their duties and rights. Available at: https://www.odce.ie/Portals/0/Documents/Media%20and%20Publications/Publications/Quick%20Guides/Auditors_28_Aug_12.pdf. Accessed on 27th march 2017. ODCE. The Principal Duties and Powers of Auditors under the Companies Act. Available at: https://www.odce.ie/Portals/0/Information%20Booklets%202014%20Act/Auditors.pdf. Accessed on 27th march 2017. Salomon v. Salomon and Co. Ltd. (1897) A.C 22. Smith Stone Knight v Birmingham Corporation [1939]14 All ER 116.